АНАЛИЗ ЭПИЗООТИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ ПО ЯЩУРУ В РОССИИ С 1991 ПО 2023 ГОДЫ

Abstract

The spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the world has led to the development of a system of regionalisation and the assignment of a status to each country depending on safety and vaccination. FMDfree without vaccination countries export their products around the world. Therefore, it is necessary to strive for the status. To see the true picture of the FMD epizootic situation, the authors analysed the archival materials of Rosselkhoznadzor (the Federal Service for veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance) for the period from 1991 to 2023. The research aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis of the FMD epizootic situation in the Russian Federation and determine the prospects for obtaining the status of a “FMD-free without vaccination” country. The study established 96 unsafe points in eleven Russian regions for the analysed period. FMD was most often found in regions that have a land border with China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Trans-Baikal Territory is the most FMD affected region, where foot and mouth disease has been recorded eight times over the past thirty years. Primorsky Territory has recorded five FMD outbreaks; four records of FMD were found in Amur Region. A sporadic FMD occurred in Moscow, Vladimir, Orenburg, Khabarovsk and Krasnodar regions, and in the republics of Bashkortostan, Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria. The most common FMD serotype is serotype O, which accounts for about 70 % of all outbreaks since 2010. Serotype A was only found in five regions in 2013–2014. The Asia 1 serotype was found once in Vladimir region. Despite the focused effort to obtain the status of “FMD-free without vaccination”, Russia is at high risk of introducing pathogens from border areas. Vaccine refusal may negatively affect the epizootic situation, which has been stable for the past two years. Given the length of the land border, the high risk for FMD in Kazakhstan and the unstable political and economic situation, keeping the country free from FMD is a priority for the Russian Federation.