РЕФЛЕКСИВНО-ДИАЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА МУЗЫКАЛЬНОЕ ИСКУССТВО СОВЕТСКОГО ПЕРИОДА 1930-1950-Х ГГ.

Abstract

The reflexive-dialogical view allows us to rethink the heritage of Soviet art. The totalitarian policy of the USSR is paradoxical in its essence: anti-religious propaganda did not destroy religiosity, but used it to create new myths, manipulating the mass consciousness. Based on archetypes and mythologemes, the new doctrine creates the image of a «new man», ready for obedience, for submission, putting the interests of the state above his own. In manyrespects, the state ideology was closed on itself, when the opposition «we» (the Soviet Union) and «they» (the West, hostile to us) was clearly declared, the idea of the superiority of socialism over capitalism was introduced into the minds of people, the war was going on in the minds of people. With the aim of introducing the basic dogmas of political ideology into the sphere of musical art, introducing uniform creative principles of socialist realism, obligatory for all musicians: composers, performers, critics, etc., a new organization was created (Union of Soviet Composers, 1932). Collectivism, being a component of Soviet ideology, took on a massive scale and expressed itself in the phenomenon of «mass song». The main characteristics of the mass song genre are highlighted: artistry, simplicity, brightness of a memorable melody, verse-chorus form, accessibility to perception, replicability. The cantata-oratorio genre plays the role of the genre dominant of the «grand style», with its monumentality, the idea of praising the «father of nations» and glorifying the myth of the inviolability of the imperial power of the state. Composers and performers of the Soviet era continued the best domestic traditions, preserved those universal spiritual principles that political and ideological censorship could not influence, although to a certain extent they held back creative thought, wounded and sometimes humiliated a creative person. The depth of reflection on the problems of modern reality, the author's vision and individual view of the values and meanings of life gave rise to the originality of the artist's ethical reflection, regardless of ideological influence.