Формирование кадрового состава дошкольных учреждений Восточной Сибири в 1920-1930-х гг.

Abstract

The aim of the research is to study the formation of the personnel of preschool institutions in Eastern Siberia in the 1920s-1930s based on the funds of central and regional archives: circular notes of local authorities, reports on the activities of preschool institutions, acts of inspection, minutes of meetings of trade union organizations. The establishment of a system of preschool institutions in the territory of Eastern Siberia in the 1920s-1930s gave rise to the need for the development and implementation of staff formation. In view of the limited financial and material resources necessary to provide established companies with staff as soon as possible, the main forms of pedagogical employees training in Eastern Siberia in the 1920s-1930s were short-term courses, their average duration was two to three months. A significant portion of future employees for children's institutions came from local women departments, collective farms, public education bodies. In Eastern Siberia, the training courses were held in Irkutsk, Chita, Verkhneudinsk, Yakutsk, Krasnoyarsk. The low educational level of the trainees of the course and its shortness did not allow to provide well-prepared preschool employees. Insufficient theoretical knowledge could be compensated by practical training. The trainees were sent to preschool institutions to gain practical experience. In the national regions in Eastern Siberia, the solution of the problem of personnel for preschool institutions was connected with the formation of the teaching staff from indigenous nationalities as Russian workers did not know the national languages, with the need to enhance the credibility of and confidence in preschool institutions among the local population. Educational quotas were actively used for specific nationalities in Buryatia, Khakassia and Yakutia. Preschool institutions lacked educated, well-trained specialists because salaries were low, not enough to cover housing and food costs, the social status was low, the housing issue was not solved. Thus, the undertaken measures on the formation of the personnel of preschool institutions showed higher results in the administrative centers of Eastern Siberia: by the end of the 1930s they had a higher level of the