Abstract
The features of ultrasonic action on biotechnological raw materials of plant and animal origin during the extraction of useful components are considered. The mechanism of the energy impact on the raw material, the sound field solvent, as well as the influence of regime parameters on the main characteristics of the process, is described. The positive dynamics of the complex wave and diffusion effects on the nature and yield of biological substances from plant materials is shown. The performed studies on the extraction of rennet from crushed calf abomasum’s showed an increase in the temperature of the sonicated medium by 13°C and a change in pH due to the formation of H+ and OH– radicals due to cavitation. It has been estab-lished that during the first 4 minutes of sonicating a mixture of crushed calf abomasum’s and a solvent, the pH value of the solution decreases slightly, and subsequently changes to the opposite after the 5th mi-nute. This is followed by a second decline after 20 minutes and scoring. This phenomenon was explained by the formation of a significant amount of HCl free radicals within a microsecond sonication interval, af-ter which a change in the reaction to the reverse was noted. The prospects for research in this area from the point of view of further improvement and development are shown.
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