Abstract
Problems of free-surface flow of viscous incompressible fluid are very useful in different practical cases. There are many specifies and limitations in these problems which are critically important for correct solving. The main goal is the review of existing numerical methods which can apply for modeling of free-surface flows and open-source programs where these methods are realized. Three methods for solving problems of free-surface flow were considered: Volume of Fluid, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, Particle Finite Element Method v.2. They are realized in five open-source packages: OpenFOAM, Gerris, pySPH, DualSPHysics, Kratos. These packages were compared by modeling of two chosen cases: breaking of a dam and droplet impact to the liquid layer. Results of computations were compared with experimental results. There are good coincidence between them. The best results were obtained in OpenFOAM and Gerris. All main tools for modeling of free-surface flow are realized in these packages - the possibility of computations in 2D, 3D and axisymmetric model setup and also correct modeling of surface tension. Gerris can significantly accelerate computations in "big cases" due to dynamically adaptive remeshing. Further, DualSPHysics is the package for modeling of problems of coastal infrastructure where the most number of cases is 3D and the surface tension effect is negligible. The package pySPH was designed for clear demonstration of SPH working. The pySPH source code is on the Python language and not optimized. Kratos is the new package, which is in development now, therefore some tools are not developed in this moment.
Highlights
Problems of free-surface flow of viscous incompressible fluid are very useful in different practical cases
The main goal is the review of existing numerical methods which can apply for modeling of free-surface flows and open-source programs where these methods are realized
Three methods for solving problems of free-surface flow were considered: Volume of Fluid, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, Particle Finite Element Method v.2. They are realized in five open-source packages: OpenFOAM, Gerris, pySPH, DualSPHysics, Kratos
Summary
Исследование течений жидкости со свободной поверхностью представляет собой отдельный класс задач механики сплошной среды. Даже в сравнительно простом случае моделирования ламинарного течения несжимаемой изотермической среды разработчик численного алгоритма или инженер-исследователь, выполняющий расчеты, может столкнуться с рядом условий, соблюдение которых может быть критически важным для успешного решения задачи. Целью данной работы является обзор существующих численных методов, которые можно применить к решению задач моделирования течения жидкости со свободной поверхностью, и программных комплексов с открытым исходным кодом, в которых эти методы реализованы, а также выявление границ применимости рассмотренных программных комплексов. Рассмотрены 5 программных средств, реализующих три вышеупомянутых численных метода решения уравнений Навье – Стокса для моделирования несжимаемых течений со свободной поверхностью: OpenFOAM, Gerris, pySPH, DualSPHysics, Kratos. Для сравнения программ было выбрано два расчетных случая: задача моделирования обрушения двумерного столба жидкости и задача моделирования падения капли в слой жидкости
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