НАКОПЛЕНИЕ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ПОЧВАХ ПРЕДГОРНЫХ РАЙОНОВ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

Abstract

The accumulation of heavy metals, primarily from the soil, takes place in the water and fodder plants. Sources are pesticides, polluted air and precipitation. Hazardous chemical elements in certain quantities enter plants from soil. It should be added that ballast substances from mineral fertilizers containing heavy metals are also found in the soil. It has been established that on the flat-foothill massif of the North Caucasus, the constant component of solid precipitation are such elements as chromium, nickel, lead, manganese and silver. Cadmium was not detected in most precipitation samples (less than 1.0 µg / l), but its concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations by 4–8 times, although its sources were not identified. Therefore, an agrochemical survey of agricultural land has been carried out and it has been established that the content of mobile forms of copper and zinc in the soils of the foothill areas does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Meadow grass stands do not accumulate zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable levels. In general, in the foothill areas of the Krasnodar Territory, hay contains 11.0–25.0 mg/kg of zinc, 1.8–9.0 mg/kg of copper, 0.2–2.0 mg/kg of lead, and 0.06– 0.24 mg/kg cadmium. Studies have shown that the agricultural soils of the foothill areas do not contain exceeding MPC values of mobile forms of zinc and copper. But there are local foci containing lead in small quantities. In hay from arable land and natural forage lands, the amount of heavy metals does not exceed MDU.