ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРИКЛАДНІ ЗАСАДИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ОЦІНКИ ЯКІСНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗУ

Abstract

The article examines the theoretical and applied foundations for the economic evaluation of natural gas quality characteristics, significantly impacting its efficient utilization and cost for consumers. The relevance stems from natural gas's importance as an energy source. The authors analyze classical (comparative price method, cost analysis) and modern (risk analysis, economic-mathematical modeling) methods for assessing gas quality. Key influencing factors are identified: competition level, government regulation, gas usage type, and technological equipment level. The principles outlined include determining quality indicators and their interrelationships; the impact of characteristics on efficiency across industries; evaluation methods considering extraction, transportation, and processing costs; pricing scenario modeling; and analysis of regulation and market mechanisms. The necessity of an integrated approach for decision-making regarding efficient use of varying gas qualities is substantiated. Emphasis is placed on analyzing quality indicators (calorific value, density, Wobbe index, component content) and their interrelationships based on real data. Investigating the impact of characteristics on the efficiency of use in industry, energy, and the municipal sector is crucial. Calculating the economic efficiency of using varying quality gas in these sectors, considering preparation, transportation, and processing costs, is essential. The development of methodological approaches for the economic evaluation of quality indicators, considering extraction, transportation, and processing costs, is underscored. Modeling pricing scenarios for varying quality gas and assessing the impact on consumer costs is vital. Building economic-mathematical models for demand/supply forecasting and simulating market operation with different pricing schemes is recommended. The analysis of the impact of changing quality parameters on consumer costs due to changes in extraction, transportation, and gas preparation is emphasized. The analysis of regulation and market pricing mechanisms for varying quality gas is highlighted. Developing recommendations for authorities, companies, and enterprises to optimize the use of varying quality gas for maximum efficiency and cost reduction is important. A comprehensive approach combining theoretical developments and applied research will form the foundation for management decisions on the efficient use of varying gas qualities.