Abstract
The review deals with microwave antennas, devices (including reflectors), materials and media with nonreciprocal properties, which, due to their uniqueness and promising application, have become the topic of a large number of scientific studies and publications. It is noted that amplitude nonreciprocity can be realized not only with the help of magnetized ferrites and semiconductor amplifiers, but also based on parametric and nonlinear structures using space-time modulation. Therefore, polarization nonreciprocity can also be achieved on magnet-free components, including varactors, and other parametric elements. When analyzing reciprocal reflectors made both on "thin" surface structures and on bulk waveguides, it is appropriate to consider reciprocal cross-polarizing (depolarizing) "invisible"-reflectors, converting the initial polarization of the incident wave into the orthogonal polarization of the reflected wave, which can be built with using only reciprocal passive components without the use of non-reciprocal ones (ferrite circulators, gyrators, etc.). The combination of polarization and nonreciprocal properties in radar reflectors, RFID tags, etc., is an additional degree of freedom in the design of new generation electronic systems.
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