Abstract
The main mechanisms of the damaging effect of excessive physical exertion on the cellular structures of the vascular endothelium and the development of systemic pathological conditions associated with this process are covered in this paper. The generally accepted view on the benefits of physical activity for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is not in doubt. However, today various training programs of debatable benefits and risks ratio are widely used. High intensity high volume training is the distinctive feature of this type of physical activity. Violation of the training and rest schedules in this approach often leads to the overtraining syndrome. Understanding the causes of this condition at the molecular and cellular levels may increase the efficiency of training planning for competing athletes and prolong sport participation of the elderly athletes and sports enthusiasts. Keywords: atherosclerosis, inflammation, excessive exercise, arterial stiffness.
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