ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ, ОБУСЛАВЛИВАЮЩИЕ УСПЕШНОСТЬ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ СПОРТСМЕНОВ С ТРАВМАМИ КОНЕЧНОСТЕЙ

Abstract

The article discusses the specifics of the mental health of athletes in a situation of injury, their rehabilitation and the possible influence of psychological factors on the success of the recovery process. The analysis of studies shows that psychological factors are taken into account less likely when assessing the success of rehabilitation of athletes, although it is due to these factors that a faster and optimal return to sports activity can be ensured, and accordingly the adaptation of an athlete in changed conditions. Most of the reseachers devoted to the analysis of factors of successful rehabilitation and the state of mental health of athletes after a limb injury discuss these factors from the perspective of a model of returning to competitive activity. One of the most complete models is the model for predicting repeated sports injuries by A. Christakou, N.A. Stavrou et al.. Among the psychological factors, there is a fear of repeated injury, self-doubt during the competition, increased concentration on their feelings in the injured limb, the specifics of the injury itself. In addition, the authors note such factors as increased personal anxiety, low self-esteem, high sports identity, kinesiophobia, which determine the specifics of athletes' mental health. Conducted meta-analytical studies on the success of rehabilitation of athletes show that among the negative factors, there are such as: disappointment, increased anxiety, fear, reduced motivation. Maladaptive coping strategies also lead to the fact that an athlete has difficulties during the recovery process and when returning to training and sports activities. The lack of a sense of control, negative expectations from interaction with the medical staff, assessment of support from relatives and friends as insufficient also less likely contributes to the positive dynamics of the athlete's rehabilitation.