МІЖНАРОДНА ТОРГІВЛЯ КОНТРАФАКТНОЮ ПРОДУКЦІЄЮ: СТРУКТУРА ТА МЕТОДИ МИТНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ

Abstract

International trade in counterfeit products has become a real global epidemic, causing significant damage to business and the global economy. The widespread spread of this problem undermines the foundations of economic development, a stable economic system, free trade and investment. The article examines the essence of the concept of «counterfeit products» and «counterfeit products», which is a type of counterfeit. Сounterfeit products are products that contain objects of intellectual property rights, the import of which into the customs territory of Ukraine or export from this territory leads to a violation of the rights of the owner and which are protected in accordance with current legislation of Ukraine and international treaties of Ukraine. The classification of counterfeit products is offered, which will give the chance to specify the analysis on the corresponding kinds and to choose effectively methods of regulation. The reasons for the active growth of international trade in counterfeits have been studied аmong the main ones are: dissatisfaction with people's needs, the desire of the population to receive high incomes, the complexity of original production, shortage of certain consumer products, low incomes, the need for large-scale investment, long production cycle, low production mobility, inability to purchase branded goods. The structure and dynamics of international trade in counterfeit by geographical and commodity characteristics are analyzed. The consequences of international trade in counterfeit goods for countries are highlighted аmong the main ones are: reduction of budget revenues, threat to the image of the right holder, which may provoke a devaluation of the brand price, threat to the country's image, which will negatively affect investment and innovation, risks to consumer health and safety, market destabilization, threat to economic and technical development, loss of profit, threat to the environment, sponsorship of terrorism and organized crime, reduction of demand for the products of the right holder, which leads to the liquidation of production, reducing the competitiveness of rights holders in the domestic market, rising unemployment. Methods of customs regulation of international trade in counterfeit goods are considered, and their efficiency is analyzed in Ukraine and in the world. Proposals for improving customs regulation methods have been developed.