Повышение безопасности труда при подземной разработке напряженно-деформированных массивов

Abstract

Underground mining operations are characterized by dangerous working conditions, especially when the negative impacts of natural and man-made factors are superimposed. They violate the natural balance of ore-bearing rocks. It is required to establish regularities of interaction between ore mining systems for optimizing the applied technologies according to the criteria of the workers safety. The used field development systems have various capabilities for neutralizing stresses and deformations in the rock mass. The prospects for the restoration of mining production in the Republic of South Ossetia-Alania are associated with the extraction of ores on the flanks and depths of Sadon deposit, as well as reserves lost in the subsurface. For almost 200 years of operation of the Sadon field, most of the existing mining technologies were applied. Open mining systems weaken the massif. However, backfilling of voids with discrete rocks does not create backwater for the walls of workings. The concept of safe mining of stress-strained massifs implies the excavation of rich ores with backfilling of empty space with hardening mixtures and block leaching of poor ores. The control of the massif is ensured by regulating the value and direction of stresses by technological methods. Leaching methods allow to extract metals from ores at the place of their occurrence. When these technologies are combined with the traditional approaches, rich ores are brought to the surface and processed at the plant. The rest of the ore is processed in the underground blocks and piles on the surface. One of the results of this combination is the use of the underground leaching tailings. After the extraction of metals in the place of occurrence, the tailings are fastened with natural binders into an artificial massif. Its strength is sufficient to ensure safe working conditions.