홍산문화 우하량 유적을 통해 본 『삼국유사』 「고조선조」의 神市

Abstract

The Hongshan culture is a Neolithic culture which developed in the Liaoxi region (the west part of Liaoning province) from 4700 BCE to 3000 BCE. It has been studied as the source of Korean history from an early age as it is a distinct civilization, independent from the Yellow River civilization. Chinese scholars consider the social stage at the time of the Niuheliang's site to be ‘already a complex society and entering the stage of early State’ and consider it a core culture that formed the Chinese culture alongside the Yellow River Civilization. Despite the geographical location and nature of the artifacts that distinguish the Hongshan culture from traditional historical perceptions centered on China's Yellow River, the majority of Korean scholars are skeptical of its relevance to Korean history. The Niuheliang's site group, where birds, bears, and goddess statues were simultaneously revealed in the Hongshan culture, is an archaeological evidence that proves the records about Hwanung and Ungnyeo found in the section about Gojoseon (ancient Joseon) in Samguk yusa. The story of Hwanung handed down by the Gojoseon Dynasty and the ruins and relics of Hongshan culture clearly fit together, we must study Hwanung's founding of Shinsi more seriously.