КВАНТОВАЯ КРИПТОГРАФИЯ: ИСТОРИЯ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ, СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Abstract

At the beginning of the 20th century, the quantum theory, which replaced the traditional ideas about the world, brought with it a number of illogical at that time and at the same time strange for the classical worldview restrictions on the permissibility of the influence of human society on material objects. Over the past few decades, scientists from a number of countries have been discussing the creation of a cipher founded by quantum cryptography, which is based on the use of photons and the principle of their polarization for the creation of unique codes that are almost impossible to crack. Considering cryptography as a kind of art form that allows hiding secret information in a sequence of zeros and ones, it can be noted that even today quantum cryptography is in demand not only in government communications and in big business. In addition, the constant increase in the transmission speed and the reduction in the cost of implementing a number of processes allow one to hope for an increasingly widespread use of quantum cryptosystems in various fields already in the next decade. The world’s largest institutions and companies are currently engaged in work in the field of quantum cryptography that makes grounds for talking about the formation of a market segment where almost all its participants are part of such a process. The article discusses the development of quantum cryptography over the past 30 years.