ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СКЛАДОВИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ ДЛЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВИ

Relevance of the research. For Ukraine, the relevance of the topic is enhanced by the need to develop a long-term model of economic recovery and modernization, which would be based on the principles of sustainability, economic sovereignty, social security and integration into the European security space. In the EU countries, in turn, there is a growing awareness of the need to strengthen economic and energy security, adaptation to the new reality, where the policy of “soft power” no longer ensures stability. Therefore, the issue of economic security is becoming key for the formation of modern economic policy of both Ukraine and the European Union. Problem statement. Modern economic challenges require a new scientific paradigm — an integrative model of security economics, which would allow states to maintain stability and competitiveness, providing protection from threats and creating a basis for long-term development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of economic security is considered in various conceptual planes, for example, during the period of F. Roosevelt's “New Deal”, when economic stabilization was considered an element of national security in the USA. Ukrainian researchers, in particular, Ya. Zhalilo, consider economic security as the ability of the economy to self-reproduce and resist destabilizing factors. Other scientists focus on the resilience of the economic system to external and internal threats (O. Skoruk, Z. Gbur), methods of their neutralization, mechanisms for ensuring competitiveness and socio-economic stability. Research task. Theoretical justification and empirical analysis of the concept of security economy in the context of modern geopolitical challenges, as well as identification of key areas of economic policy of Ukraine and the European Union countries. Main material presentation. The article analyzes Ukraine’s national strategies in the field of economic security since 2014, and shows how the military conflict forced the state to move towards the integration of defense, energy, financial and social mechanisms into a common economic paradigm. Particular attention is paid to post-war recovery programs, including grant initiatives, stimulating small and medium-sized businesses, supporting critical infrastructure and attracting international assistance. It highlights research approaches to the analysis of economic growth as an ambiguous indicator of well-being and security, in particular with regard to environmental, social and institutional consequences. The concept of “economic socialization” is considered, which involves the development of human capital, social cohesion and citizen participation in decision-making as a key condition for sustainable development. In the context of the EU, the emphasis is on changes in the security paradigm, which were manifested through the adoption of the Strategic Compass, strengthening the defense potential, energy transformation and the conclusion of security agreements with Ukraine. It is shown that the security economy is becoming a new model of cooperation between Ukraine and Europe, focused on long-term stability, strategic autonomy, and the protection of democratic values. Conclusions. Economic security in the post-war recovery period will obviously be closely linked to social stability. After the war, many people face unemployment, loss of housing, and a decline in living standards. The state must ensure social support, the creation of new jobs, access to education, and health services. This will help avoid social tensions and ensure internal stability. Keywords: security economy, economic security, post-war recovery, economic growth, social cohesion, public policy, institutional stability.

The aim of the work is to systematize the international experience of economic security both in terms of individual countries and the global economy as a whole. Setting such a goal it is associated with the growth of globalization and integration processes in the world economy, which are the new threat of economic security. Methods. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study were research and findings on issues of economic security at the level of the world economy as a whole and individual national economies in particular. We used such general scientific and special methods, such as analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, adaptation. The findings led to the conclusion that the protection of national interests and the formation of an economic security strategy – the most important functions of the state, the implementation of which is impossible without a system of self-regulation mechanisms and regulation. The government should implement a set of measures to promote economic growth, and that will guarantee the economic security of the country. These measures should cover all sectors of the economy. These measures include the implementation an active structural and social policies, enhancing the activity of the state in investment, financial, monetary and foreign economic sphere, the continuation of institutional reforms. The practical significance is to separate the differences used methodological approaches to ensure the economic security of the EU member countries and the CIS. This is explained by the fact that the first group of countries is focused on standards and borrows the experience of the leading EU countries (Germany, France), and the second group, located in the zone of influence of Russia (Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan), – on the Russian developments and standards. In turn, Russia in their design focuses more on standards to ensure economic security, which have been made in the period of the Soviet Union. Value/originality. The results obtained allowed to identify the main strategic goal of the Western European countries, the USA, Canada and Japan in the field of protection of national economic interests, which is understood as sustainable economic growth and modernization of the economy in accordance with the conditions of competition on the world market.

As a result of the dynamic socio-economic processes taking place globally on the agenda in society, new problems arise which are related to the strengthening of the national and regional economy in the conditions of globalization. For this reason, the fundamental importance of achieving the sustainable development of the nation-state is associated with increasing and achieving a high level of economic and social security, as globalization creates new opportunities for national actors involved in international relations but at the same time leads to risks and external threats to the functioning of national economies. Economic and social security play a huge role in shaping essential qualitative aspects of the life of the citizen, society and the state in today's globalizing world. In the modern world, it is impossible to guarantee the country's economic security without extensive international cooperation at all levels because a significant and important part of the problem concerns the spread of threats beyond national borders and the impossibility of finding a solution through national instruments and mechanisms. In the global age, uncertainty is everywhere. The job, which in the modern age is associated with life projects, because of the lack of security no longer provides support for the prospects and ambitions of the people. Conditions change quickly and often without warning. But not only working conditions and jobs are constantly changing. The whole framework, in which long-term plans (partnerships, households, neighborhoods) are usually embedded, breaks down with the enormous momentum of the new era. The lack of economic and social security at the moment is the greatest threat to the state, society and the individual. In addition, the communication and information revolution places the issue of information security in all its aspects. National interests in the global age are never restricted by state borders, which creates the prerequisites for the emergence of numerous contradictions that can be solved at the level of interstate interactions. On the other hand, the national interests of individual countries can coincide with the interests of other socio-political institutions and co-implement them. The growing interplay between countries, the deepening of integration links, the need for cooperation in solving global problems does not mean that national and regional interests are losing momentum. The new one point is to change the environment of their realization and to increase their interdependence with the national and regional interests of other countries.

Economic security is a relatively young discipline within the field of economic science, yet it plays a critical role in national security. Despite its importance, it has historically received insufficient attention from researchers. Economic security is essential for achieving economic sovereignty, fostering sustainable development, implementing effective social policies, protecting society from environmental risks, and enhancing national competitiveness in an increasingly interconnected global economy. An effective economic security system enables a country to identify threats to its national economic interests proactively, thereby preventing potential damage to the socio-economic structure. Unfortunately, in most cases a comprehensive understanding of economic security often emerges only after economic threats have materialized.In today's rapidly evolving world, ensuring economic security has become one of the primary priorities for nations. It serves as the cornerstone of national security and development. The dynamic nature of global developments continuously alters the risks associated with economic security, making it imperative for countries to identify and mitigate these risks promptly. The issue of economic security has gained increased attention, particularly as economies become more open and integrated into global economic processes. However, there remains no universally accepted definition of economic security within the broader context of national security. It is often conceptualized as a social phenomenon that safeguards the vital interests of individuals, society, and the state from potential dangers and threats.Main object of an article is to analyze how economic security impacts economic growth in EU countries. The study showed that for weak economies, a high level of GDPpC growth could be provided even with relatively low values of development indicators. At the same time, for advanced economies, high values of these indicators are a prerequisite for continued growth. Based on the model obtained in the study, it is possible to distribute countries by clusters. Such an interpretation is necessary to understand in which direction the country's economy should develop to ensure the sustainable development. Thus, the proposed method makes it possible to objectively assess the potential of the country's economic development.

Aim. To develop recommendations on the formation of a national model of sustainable development of the Russian economy based on the identification of its key vectors, components in the conditions of external and internal shocks and changes caused by the transformation of strategic guidelines for sustainable development.Objectives. To analyze the peculiarities of the implementation of the global concept of sustainable development of the United Nations (UN) under the influence of deglobalization processes; to substantiate the need to transform the established foundations of sustainable development of economic systems in order to ensure the national economic interests of Russia; to propose the author’s approach to the formation of the structure and content of the national model of sustainable development of economic systems; to build a scheme of interaction between different levels of the economic system, ensuring the development of the national model of sustainable development of economic systems.Methods. In the course of the research we applied general scientific methods and techniques: analysis and synthesis, generalization of practical experience, expert assessments, comparison, abstraction and concretization, monitoring, modeling.Results. Based on the analysis of modern processes of deglobalization, the necessity of changing the structure and content of the concept of sustainable development of the Russian economy in the conditions of external shocks caused by the transformation of the global agenda of sustainable development was substantiated. The author’s approach to the formation of the structure and content of the national model of sustainable development of economic systems is proposed, which supplements the current triad of sustainable development (economy, ecology and social sphere) with innovation and institutional components and is scalable to the meso(regions) and micro-level (enterprises). The structure of the model sets socio-economic security, innovation security and the quality of the institutional environment in the conditions of external and internal shocks as controllable parameters, focusing on the creation of conditions for convergent convergence of meso-level systems. The scheme of organization of interaction between macro-, mesoand microlevels of the economic system is constructed, in which at the macrolevel the foundations of sustainable development of the country’s economy on the basis of national interests are set, management and control of mechanisms of sustainable development of economic systems of other levels are organized, and at the mesolevel the multiplier effect is provided for in the implementation of economic mechanisms of interaction of all elements of the regional ecosystem; the key task of the microlevel is the implementation of effective management of the regional ecosystem.Conclusions. Sustainable development of the Russian economy in the current conditions of global challenges is a complex task, the solution of which requires a systemic and holistic approach based on the prioritization of national economic interests. The proposed model, which determines the general guidelines at the macro level, suggests the organization of interaction of all three levels of the economy (macro-, mesoand micro-) with the provision of multiplier effect at the meso level, which requires the elaboration of adaptation mechanisms to the conditions of regional ecosystems and the specifics of business entities, suggests the continuation of the study.

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The purpose of the article is to determine the main emphasis of the relationship between the plane of international economic security and the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. The research methodology includes a descriptive analysis of the provisions of the main international documents relevant, firstly, to the topic of international economic security and, secondly, to the concept of sustainable development; as well as elements of comparative analysis – while searching for the safe content of the SDGs 2030. The study results were obtained regarding the expediency of activating security issues, primarily within the framework of the implementation of the following Sustainable Development Goals 2030: Goal 1 “No poverty”, Goal 2 “Zero hunger”, Goal 8 “Decent work and economic growth”, Goal 10 “Reduction of inequality”, Goal 16 “Peace, justice and strong institutions”. The determined emphasis of strengthening the sustainability of international economic security will serve as guidelines for the priority direction of resources in the conditions of the war and the crises and disasters caused by it. The implementation of the processes aimed at the implementation of the SDGs directly depends on the general state of the economy in the country and the world, and, accordingly, on the situation with national and international economic security. In the conditions of the Russian war against Ukraine, economic security issues are considered as part of the national security system and in the context of interrelationships with environmental and other types of security, which are consistent with the SDGs. The scientific novelty is as follows: in the study of further development, a conceptual approach has been adopted regarding the establishment of accents in the plane of intersection of the directions of international economic security and the SDGs, which, unlike others, take into account the content of the elements of the system of international economic security, as well as its impact on the system of national economic security. The practical significance is that the obtained research results can be used in the conceptual justification of investment projects aimed at supporting the implementation of the SDGs related to security issues.

The article examines current trends in the activities of primary monitoring entities. It defines the concepts and features of forming a financial monitoring system, emphasizing the need for its effective functioning as a key tool for ensuring economic stability and combating financial crimes. The study highlights that an effective financial monitoring system requires a comprehensive approach, including the development of a regulatory and legal framework, technical support, personnel training, and international cooperation. It is proven that, in the modern context of digital technology development and the globalization of financial flows, it is crucial to continually improve existing monitoring mechanisms to ensure their effectiveness. The economic security of a state is a fundamental condition for its stable development, prosperity, and ability to effectively respond to both internal and external challenges. In the context of globalization and the integration of global economies, a key task is to ensure the integrity of economic processes, protect against financial threats and abuses, and maintain macroeconomic stability. Among the primary mechanisms that contribute to effectively countering economic threats, financial monitoring plays a particularly significant role. Financial monitoring acquires particular importance in the face of growing threats such as financial fraud, money laundering, and international terrorism, all of which can significantly impact a country's economic security. Given the global nature of financial flows, which can freely move across various jurisdictions, establishing effective cooperation between government authorities, financial institutions, and international organizations becomes a crucial task. In the context of a nation's economic security, financial monitoring serves not only as a preventive measure against financial crimes but also as a means of building trust in national financial institutions and the economy as a whole. Its effectiveness determines a country's ability to protect its national interests on the international stage, ensure stability in financial markets, attract investments, and foster the development of innovative economic sectors. Overall, financial monitoring is an integral part of the modern economic security system, providing robust protection of national interests, economic stability, and financial integration within the global economic space. In this context, the effectiveness of financial monitoring and a state’s ability to promptly identify and mitigate financial risks are critical factors that determine its capacity for sustainable economic development and security.

The purpose of this publication is to study scientific approaches to understanding the conception of global economic security. The analysis of current foreign and domestic sources made it possible to classify the scientific approaches of different authors regarding the essence and features of the conception of economic security: as a process of meeting needs; from the point of view of protecting the national interests of a particular country, business entities, individuals; as a state of the system-based object; as a condition for sustainable development; as features of the system elements; as a system for preventing harm; as a manifestation of an integrity of security measures; in terms of economic sustainability and sovereignty of a country; as an aggregate of conditions and factors; as a dynamic development of a system component. It is determined that the conception of global economic security covers a wide range of interrelated issues and elements, such as investment verification, instruments to counteract coercion, research integrity, and stability of supply chains. When focusing on supply chain stability, three main issues should be considered. It is found that the regimes of national economic security require a balance between defensive and offensive policies depending on the specific conditions of the country. The main factors in developing strategies are national security interests and competitive advantages in certain sectors of the trade. Transparency and information exchange between countries is the first step towards meaningful international cooperation on economic security issues. This is crucial to avoid creating protectionist economic weapons that countries can use against rivals. It is defined that in a rapidly changing world, the issue of global economic security becomes the most open and at the same time of responsibility in case of calling and responding to problems caused by various factors of society life as a subject of international economic relations, developing effective mechanisms for dealing with challenges in the sectoral economic parts of the institution of economy.

The aim of the article is to theoretically substantiate the essence of the relationship between the economic security of the State and its national interests, as well as to define the methodological principles for analyzing their mutual determination in the context of global transformations and contemporary military-political and economic challenges. A key component of the State’s national security is economic security, which ensures the stability of the economic system, supports the realization of national interests, and creates conditions for sustainable societal development. It is found that the categories «economic security» and «national interests» have a dialectical interconnection: national interests provide strategic guidelines for economic security policy, while economic security, in turn, acts as a tool for the implementation and protection of these interests. The methodological basis for studying the relationship between economic security and national interests should rely on systemic, institutional, and functional approaches. A system approach allows us to view economic security as a subsystem of national security; the institutional approach emphasizes the role of State institutions in ensuring the realization of national interests; the functional approach highlights the main functions of economic security as protective, regulatory, incentivizing, and integrative. It is found that the level of economic security is determined by the condition of financial, production, investment, social, energy, foreign economic, technological, food, and information subsystems, as well as the consistency of their functioning. Strengthening economic security is possible only under conditions of effective State governance, legal stability, human capital development, and the creation of a favorable institutional environment. Prospects for further research in the study of the relationship between economic security and national interests lie in deepening the theoretical and methodological foundations and developing practical tools to ensure the economic security of the State in the context of transformational and crisis processes.

Introduction. Since 2020, cooperation within the BRICS has been developing in accordance with the Concept of Cooperation initiated by the Russian Federation. The concept was designed until 2025, so the contours of future cooperation are being actively discussed today. In the presented article, the author examines the possibilities of intra-block interaction for ensuring the national economic security of the participating countries. The article examines national interests, identifies points of convergence and difficulties in bilateral relations. Based on the analysis, the potential for cooperation is assessed and the most effective forms of interaction are proposed. Materials and methods. When writing the article, the comparative method of scientific research was used. At the first stage, an analysis of the national documents of the participating countries directly or indirectly regulating the issues of economic security was carried out. The provisions of these documents were also compared with the provisions of the “BRICS Cooperation Concept”. Further, based on the analysis of official statistical data provided by both international structures and national agencies and ministries, the progress of the countries in achieving their own national interests in the field of economic security was assessed. The results of the study. The author found that the BRIC countries have four approaches to regulating economic security issues: the existence of a special document, the consolidation of economic security provisions in the constitution, the inclusion of security issues in general economic regulation, and the implementation of national programs. There was also a discrepancy between the interests and priorities of a number of countries. Some countries, including Russia, are more concerned about the changing world order, energy security, moving away from the dollar in international settlements, and circumventing economic and financial sanctions. At the same time, food security and poverty remain the most pressing issues for other countries. Discussion and conclusion. Among the BRICS countries, only Russia has a comprehensive economic security strategy. Ensuring economic security within the framework of general economic regulation is carried out by China and India. Iran, Indonesia and Egypt have fixed the main provisions in their constitutions. Other countries prefer nationwide programs in particular areas. An analysis of both regulatory documents and the expenses for implementing a certain economic policy has made it possible to establish that Russia and China are concerned about the problems of increasing competition for leading positions in the global economy. The issue of energy security is relevant for everyone, but for Russia and Iran it is a stable export, and for South Africa it is a problem of energy poverty. Moving away from the dollar is important for Russia, Iran, China, and to a certain extent for the UAE. The problems of food security and poverty are relevant for Egypt, Brazil, Ethiopia, South Africa, and partly for the UAE. It was found that Indonesia and the UAE are among the countries considered to be in the relevant «economic security».

Introduction. The article discusses the impact of financial risks on the financial and economic security of the state. In modern economies, the financial sector dominates the economy. Moreover, the development of financial markets has been seen in the past two decades as an independent driver of economic growth. At the same time, “negative processes that occur in a small number of financial market players in one country can cause crisis events throughout the world economy.” Among the main strategic risks and threats to national security in the economic sphere are the low stability and security of the national financial system.Materials and methods. The work uses the following general scientific and special methods of cognition: the method of system-structural analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparative-legal and formal-legal method.Results. As the experience of the last decade shows, the financial and economic security of the Russian state is more influenced by the environmental factors (general economic crisis, geopolitical situation, inflation, payment crisis, climate and biological (epidemiological) risks, etc. The state governance of ensuring financial and economic security should be a permanent, integrated part of the forming process of state economic policy and legal regulation of russian economy. In order to achieve financial and economic security it is necessary to establish an effective financial and legal mechanism capable to resist emerging risks.Discussion and conclusion. The article revealed the impact of external financial risks that have a significant impact on the financial and economic security of the state. The need to establish an effective state mechanism to ensure the financial security of the Russian Federation is justified. The proposed measures are directed to improve the legal provision of financial and economic security of the Russian Federation.

Abstract. Current issues of international and national guarantees of economic security and some proposals for their improvement outline the developments set out in this article. It is stated that economic security is one of the most important components of national security of Ukraine and is its material basis. The concept of economic security is formulated and its components are singled out. The main international guarantees of economic security are analyzed. It is stated that, according to the main international documents, the state guarantee of social, economic rights, economic security in particular, is carried out gradually, within the maximum limits of available resources. It is stated that the case law of the European Court of Human Rights is an effective guarantee of protection of economic, social and other rights of citizens of Ukraine, economic security of the state. The main national guarantees of economic security of Ukraine are described. In order to more effectively guarantee economic security, a proposal has been formulated to adopt the Law of Ukraine «On Economic Security of Ukraine», which should clearly define its concepts, components, principles of provision, etc. The main threats to Ukraine’s economic security have been identified. It is stated that at the present stage of Ukraine’s development, the greatest threat to Ukraine’s economic security is an armed attack by the Russian Federation and the temporary occupation of part of Ukraine’s territory. Proposals for Ukraine to take measures to more effectively guarantee economic security (ensuring the functioning of the economy on the principles of legality, rule of law, stability, freedom of entrepreneurial activity, priority of national interests of Ukraine; cessation of armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and return of temporarily occupied part of Ukraine; real and maximum provision of social and economic rights of citizens, improvement of mechanisms for removing the economy from the shadow sphere, elimination of corruption in economic and other spheres of public life, etc.). Keywords: economic security of Ukraine, guarantees, economy, state, economic and social rights, international documents. JEL Classification К10 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 20.

The article deals with the issues of economic security in the context of the modern interpretation of post-globalization. After analyzing the existing definitions of the concept of “economic security”, the authors came to the conclusion that the implementation of Russia’s national interests and priorities in the economic sphere is impossible without taking into account the regional factor. The Northwestern Federal District is of particular importance for the system of strategic priorities of regional security due to historical, geographical, and economic reasons. A universal understanding of security presupposes a particularly attentive attitude to key regions. Let us point out that this corresponds to all world approaches to understanding economic security

Today, the influence of dynamic changes in geopolitical and geo-economics’ conditions requires new requirements to ensure the national security of the state and its sustainable development. One of the central places in the structure of the national security of Ukraine is its economic security, which guarantees the independence of the country, the conditions of stability and effective functioning of society. In this regard, tracking of trends in the economic sphere, detection of the main risks and threats to economic security, identification of measures dealing with reduction of their negative impact are relevant both from a scientific and practical point of view. This article considers the key threats to the economic security of the state in the context of globalization, the long-term influence of which reduces the economic security of the state, makes it vulnerable to external challenges, and significantly weakens its position on the world stage.The importance of ensuring the state economic security and counteracting the negative impact of threats that may harm it has been proved. It has been noted that ensuring of economic security is a priority of the state. The essence of economic security of the state and its importance for national security in general has been described. The current legislative documents, which identify the main real and potential threats to the national security of Ukraine at the present stage, including in the economic sphere have been considered. The interference of threats to the state economic security, which are divided according to the scope of their occurrence into internal and external, has been assessed. It has been determined that external threats are associated with adverse processes in the world economy, and internal threats are dealing with the activities of public authorities, macroeconomic and microeconomic instability of the market economy, they are stipulated to those processes that occur during economic policy. It has been noted that the current conditions for the development of the state security, due to new challenges and threats, need to improve and implement new measures to combat the negative influence of major threats to the national economic security. As a result of the study, the main measures to counter the main threats to the state economic security were identified.