Еколого-фауністична характеристика лучно-степових таксоценів колембол Східного Поділля

Abstract

A comparative analysis of the taxonomic and ecological structure of meadow-steppe collembolan taxocenes of Eastern Podillya was carried out. 77 species of Сollembola belonging to 41 genera and 14 families were found on the studied territory. From 6 to 18 species of collembola were found at the level of point alpha diversity, and 40–42 species of coenotic alpha diversity, which indicates a large capacity of the soil environment for Сollembola in this type of biocenoses of Podillya. The investigated meadow-steppe Collembola taxocenes are characterized by average population density indicators, from 5.8 to 9.1 thousand spec./m2. It was found that the structure of dominance, spectra of life forms and biotope groups of the studied taxocenes have their own specificity, due to local edaphic conditions, as well as the degree of anthropogenic transformation. The analysis of the ecological structure showed that, in terms of species richness, complexes of xeroresistant (47.6–60 % of the total species richness) and mesophilic forms (17.5–35.7 %) prevail in meadow-steppe taxocenes of collembola. The studied taxocenes include six biotope groups of species. The biotope group of open landscape species (meadow-steppe, meadow and steppe) prevails, the share of which in the composition of the studied taxocenes is 52.4–62.5 % of the species diversity. According to the indicator of relative abundance, 44.4–64.8% belong to meadow-steppe species. A feature of the investigated taxocenes is the presence in their composition of 7.1 to 15 % of atmobiotic collembolan species that inhabit macrophytes and the surface of loose leaf litter and carry out regular daily migrations in the grass, trees and shrubs, as well as about 5 % of corticolous collembolan species, which are ecologically related to lichens, mosses, tree bark and stone substrates. It was established that in all three meadow-steppe phytocenoses of Eastern Podillya, a specialized type of collembolan taxocene is formed, where more than 40 % of the population has meadow-steppe species that are ecologically related to xerophytic grass groups.