Abstract
Statistically-based optimization using response surface methodology was performed to derive optimal extraction conditions for the extraction of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity, skin whitening, and anti-wrinkle effects from Sargassum horneri, marine waste, using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The main UAE process variables, extraction time (5.3~18.7 min, X₁), extraction temperature (22.4~79.6°C, X₂), and ethanol concentration (0~99.5% v/v, X₃), were selected through preliminary experiments and optimized using central composite design at five levels. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), tyrosinase activity inhibition (TAI), and collagenase activity inhibition (CAI) were analyzed and second-order polynomial models were generated for predicting the responses. The optimum UAE conditions for enhancing antioxidants, skin whitening, and anti-wrinkle effects were extraction time of 11.7 min, extraction temperature of 54.8°C, and ethanol concentration of 73.0%, under which RSA, TAI, and CAI were 29.1%, 78.5%, and 83.6%, respectively. In this study, we proposed an extraction process for the production of cosmetic materials that have a combination of antioxidant, whitening, and wrinkle effects from S.horneri, which are marine waste.
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