Характеристики пожилого пациента с когнитивными расстройствами в амбулаторной практике

Abstract

Aim: to study the prevalence of cognitive impairments (CI) in patients over 65 y.o., determine concomitant diseases and factors affecting cognitive functions (CF). Patients and Methods: a single-stage cross-sectional study of a continuous sample of patients (over 65 y.o. who applied for outpatient care from 24.10.2019 to 15.12.2019) in St. Petersburg was conducted. The study methods included: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), blood pressure (BP) test, the study of outpatient medical histories, assessment of pharmacological treatment, laboratory studies (clinical blood count, lipid profile, hormonal studies, blood glucose level, transaminases and creatinine level). Results: the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among the study subjects was 62.9% (95% CI 5670), severe cognitive impairment (SCI) — 8.2%. After covariate adjustment, hypertension, acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA), complaints of poor sleep quality, subjective cognitive complaints, and depression symptoms were associated with a decrease in CF. The male sex was associated with a decrease in memory function (p=0.03), hypertension — with a decrease in total CF, memory function (p=0.03) and constructive praxis (p=0.01), depression — with a decrease in total CF and indicators of attention mechanism (p<0.01), diabetes mellitus (DM) — with a decrease in thinking function (p=0.01), reduced hemoglobin level — with a decrease in total CF and memory function (p<0.01), β-blockers intake — with a decrease in total CF, the function of verbal fluency (p=0.01), thinking (p<0.01) and memory (p<0.01). Conclusion: the high prevalence of CI was revealed among elderly and senile patients who sought outpatient care. The association of hypertension, anemia, DM, depression symptoms and β-blockers intake with CF deterioration in the elderly and senile age was determined. KEYWORDS: elderly and senile age, cognitive disorders, dementia, risk factors, screening for cognitive impairment, MoCA. FOR CITATION: Turusheva A.V., Bogdanova T.A., Frolova E.V., Logunov D.L. Characteristics of an elderly patient with cognitive impairments in outpatient practice. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(10):618–622 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-10-618-622.