Комбинированная иммунотерапия при метастатической увеальной меланоме. Опыт одного центра

Abstract

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor. Despite satisfactory results in the treatment of primary uveal melanoma, almost 50% of patients develop a metastatic lesion. Overall one-year survival in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma reaches 13–40%. Different survival rates are due to the clinical and biological features of uveal melanoma and different prognosis. There is still no standard therapy for metastatic uveal melanoma. Despite all the success achieved in the treatment of patients with metastatic skin melanoma, uveal melanoma is characterized by low sensitivity to drug therapy (whether it is modern immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICTIs) or targeted or chemotherapy). However, despite the lower efficacy of combined immunotherapy in UM compared with the results for patients with skin melanoma, in recent years its positive role has been noted for UM patients, as well. According to various authors, despite the one-year survival rate of 30-50%, to date, the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab is recognized as the most effective scheme among other ineffective therapy options. The paper presents the authors’ experience of combined immunotherapy in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (n = 33) who were treated at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2019 to 2021.