ПСИХІЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ДІТЕЙ ІЗ ПОРУШЕННЯМ ОПОРНО-РУХОВОГО АПАРАТУ (ДЦП)

Abstract

The article reveals with the problem of children with musculoskeletal disorders, which are characterized by disorders of the emotional and volitional sphere. From the point of view of scientists, the creation of a special system for preparing a child with psychophysical development disorders to study in an integrated educational space, where such a child is in a community of children with normal development, gives a child with disorders the opportunity to realize himself and adapt in a modern general education environment. In their actions, children with disabilities are guided mainly by the emotion of satisfaction, the desire of the given moment. The degree of impairment of motor functions does not determine the degree of impairment of emotional-volitional and other spheres of personality in such children. With cerebral palsy, we can talk about a special type of mental dysontogenesis - deficient development. Pronounced disproportionality and an uneven, disturbed pace of development, as well as qualitative originality in the formation of the psyche, are the main features of cognitive activity and the entire personality of a child with cerebral palsy. At the same time, severe movement disorders can be combined with delayed mental development, speech and sensory defects are observed. Children's cerebral palsy is characterized by the peculiarities of disorders of cognitive activity, motor, speech and neuropsychological spheres, while the degree of severity depends on the localization and severity of damage to the cerebral cortex. These features have a negative impact on the development of preschool children and the formation of personality as a whole. The main features of the mental development of children with musculoskeletal disorders are established, and the specific deviations in mental development characteristic of children with cerebral palsy are described. It was determined that the chronological maturation of the mental functions of children with cerebral palsy is sharply delayed, against this background, various forms of mental disorders, primarily cognitive activity, were found It was concluded that cerebral palsy is a complex disease of the central nervous system, and it leads not only to movement disorders, but also causes a delay or pathology of mental development, language deficiency, impaired hearing, vision, and so on. All this indicates a kind of disharmonious mental development of a child with cerebral palsy. A program of correction of the emotional and cognitive sphere for children with impaired musculoskeletal functions is proposed.