조선시대 궁궐 별원(別苑) 함춘원(含春苑)의 성립과 전개

Abstract

The outer royal palace during the Joseon Dynasty was a royal garden outside the palace, which is defined as one that which controlled entry and view of the people outside given the walls built to surround the hills adjacent to the palace walls. The outer royal garden system began with a wall outside of Changgyeonggung Palace, which was called “Hamchunwon (含春苑)” during the reign of King Seongjong, and around the same time, it was estimated that another was installed and named “Sangrinwon (上林苑)” outside of the palace walls to the east of Changdeokgung Palace. During the time of Gwanghaegun (光海君), when Gyeongdeokgung Palace was built, a new outer royal garden called “Hamchunwon” was formed on the hill outside of Gaeyangmun Gate (開陽門), which was classically modeled after the previously executed outer royal garden system. Since the outer royal garden was of a topography which directly affected the feng shui related aspects of the palace, it was especially managed as a prohibited area. After the outer royal garden was built, the vacant land within the wall took on the role of a production area, and a forest made of shade and fruit trees, etc., was created to provide timber and fruits for the royal families. Hamchunwon accounts for the vast majority of the names of the outer royal gardens emerging across historical documents, while other names emerged including Sangrimwon, “Seowon (西苑)”, and “Bangrimwon (芳林院)”. Among which, Hamchunwon was used as a name of each individual outer royal garden, yet since the mid-18th century, it has been used as a universal name for the outer royal garden of the entire capital city.