ПОРІВНЯННЯ АВАРІЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ ПРИ ПЛАВАННІ СУДЕН В ЕКСТРЕМАЛЬНИХ УМОВАХ

Abstract

Sea-going vessels spend about 80% of their sailing time at the open sea and about 20% under extreme conditions in confined waters. However, the number of accidents under extreme conditions is more than 90% of their total. As a result of sea disasters, about 200 thousand people die annually in the world, of which 50 thousand - directly in the water after a shipwreck, and 50 thousand die on life-saving appliances in conditions that are not really extreme. The main factors of accidents at sea, which can develop into emergencies, are violations of safety of navigation. Statistics show that most often these violations lead to navigation accidents. In total, ship collisions, bulkheads and groundings account for at least 80% of the accidents. The main reason for these situations is “human factor ", which has not been sufficiently studied and is constantly developing. Firstly, it concerns the adequate actions of operators of complex systems being in inadequate (emergency and emergency) operation of the vehicle. In this sense, to become relevant, the research must harmonize the interaction between phenomena, processes, mechanisms and systems controlled by ship operators. Special attention is paid to increasing the safety of operation of ships using the methods of event management during pre-pilot training of ship crews in crewing companies. The analysis of emergency situations during ships’ navigation under extreme conditions plays a significant role while studying crew behavior in such situations. Based on the statistical data, a special checklist was developed that will help prepare crew members for actions in emergency situations. Also, this checklist will provide an opportunity to reduce the risk of a pre-emergency situation.