Abstract
Abstract: Current technological aspects of lactose crystallization are considered. A promising lactose crystallization method involving simulation seed crystals is reported. Advanced engineering solutions for continuous crystallization using spraying in vacuo and scraped-surface heat exchangers are presented. Key words : lactose, heterogeneous and homogeneous crystallization, simulation seed crystals, continuous crystallization of lactose, scraped-surface plate-type cooling crystallizer, vacuum spray crystallizer. INTRODUCTION Lactose crystallization is among the necessary technological operations in the production of sweetened canned condensed milk. This operation consists of creating appropriate conditions for extensive formation of crystallization centers and for subsequent controllable crystal growth at certain processing parameters and under post-production storage conditions. The lactose crystallization kinetics can be described in terms of a C = f ( t
Highlights
Lactose crystallization is among the necessary technological operations in the production of sweetened canned condensed milk
The lactose crystallization kinetics can be described in terms of a C = f(t) function, where С is the lactose concentration in the solution (%) and t is time (s)
This study of the continuous crystallization of lactose in sweetened condensed milk suggests the following conclusions: (1) The heterogeneous crystallization of lactose is promising for production of sweetened condensed dairy products
Summary
Lactose crystallization is among the necessary technological operations in the production of sweetened canned condensed milk. This operation consists of creating appropriate conditions for extensive formation of crystallization centers and for subsequent controllable crystal growth at certain processing parameters and under post-production storage conditions. The main processes determining the crystal growth rate are the diffusion of the constituent particles to the surface of the growing crystal and their incorporation in the crystal lattice. The factors on which the crystal growth rate depends are the solution temperature, stirring intensity, the presence of impurities, degree of supersaturation, viscosity, etc. The variation of the crystal growth rate with the degree of supersaturation depends on whether the solution is stirred or not. There is still no unified theory completely describing the multiformity of the crystallization process
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