Екобезпека водних об’єктів у зоні розташування підприємств теплоенергетики

Abstract

This paper work evaluated the impact of Pridniprovsk thermal power stations on the ecological status of surface water in the area where is the object located. Particular attention was paid to the state of water in the area of the strait. Shyyanka because it is close to the ash dumps of the power station. The chemical composition of surface water studied and the content of the following components determined: sulfate ions, nitrate ions, nitrite ions, phosphate ions, chlorine ions, suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen, BSK5, heavy metals and oil products. The research results revealed the following. In certain places the value of mineralization (the strait. Shyyanka) were higher pH and sulfate ions. A river Dnieper observed an increase of chloride ions and total water hardness. Meanings of suspended solids exceed MAC almost 55 times. In the summer, their number is much higher than in the winter. The content of phosphate ions in surface waters near the power station almost 3 times more than MCL, leading to putrid processes in the pond. Consumption of such water for drinking can cause dermatitis in humans and violations of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, analysis of the surface waters of substances such as oil and technical oils that do not have to be in the water, set the MCL of these substances almost 5 times more. Results about changing the chemical composition of the surface waters of the Dnieper in the operation of thermal power plants led to the following conclusions. In creating water intake, the averages of salt, can be estimated as fresh, hydrocarbonate-calcium type II. With the amount of ions they belong to Class I (general water status excellent), according to the degree of purity of category 1 (very clean), for including chloride water belongs to Class II (good), Category 3 (very clean), for including the sulfates class III (fair), Category 4 (slightly polluted). Generalized microbiological assessment characterizes the quality of water within the IV-V grade, 4-5 categories (mild - moderately polluted). The content of the toxic effect of pollutants and for the content of petroleum products water quality corresponds to category 7 (very dirty). Thus, the water quality in the Dnipro River and the Strait Shyyanka near the Prydniprovsk thermal power plant as a whole remains within category - fresh water. The degree of contamination of water is characterized Category 4 (slightly polluted), with the trend with transition into category 5 (moderately polluted). The content of oil condition of water corresponds to the category very dirty. In terms of mineral content (dry residue, sulfates, chlorides), pH, BSK5 water quality comply with the composition and properties of water surface sources of drinking water supply.