ТРАВМИРОВАНИЕ КЛУБНЕЙ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПРЕДУБОРОЧНОГО УДАЛЕНИЯ БОТВЫ КАРТОФЕЛЯ

Abstract

The article presents the study results of the best terms and methods for removal of potato vine before harvesting in cultivation of variety Dachny. The purpose of the research is to determine the optimal timing and methods of pre-harvest removal of the above-ground biomass of new potato plants. The experiments were performed in 2015-2017 in the climatic conditions of the Primorsky krai. The soil of the experimental area is meadow-brown bleached. Fertility is typical for the Primorsky krai. Methods of research and agrotechnics are widespread. The scheme of planting 20x90 cm. The first (control) version provides for mechanical destruction of potato vine on the day of harvesting. The second variant, the removal of vegetable tops was performed mechanically 10 days before harvesting. The third – the removal of the potato vine was performed chemical method using the Reglon, BP 10 days before harvesting. In the fourth variant, the vegetative mass were removed mechanically 20 days before harvesting the mechanical way 10 days before the harvesting. The fifth variant, the the potato vine were removed by Reglon, BP 20 days before harvesting. In variants with the removal of the potato vine,10 and 20 days before the harvest, the gross output was lower (29.3-33.0 tonne/ha) than in the variant with mowing of the vegetative mass on the harvesting day -35.0 tonnes/ha. In the variant of mechanical and chemical destruction of potato tops 20 days before harvesting, the yield of a large fraction was 3.9 and 4.3 tonnes/ha, respectively; 10 days before harvesting-5.4 and 5.1 tonnes/ha; when mowing on the day of harvesting – 6.4 tonnes/ha. The removal of the above-ground biomass of potato plants using the mechanical way 10 and 20 days before the harvesting, has significantly limited yield of standard seeds -18.0 and 17.6 tonnes/ha, respectively, the output of tubers - 410,8 and 394,7 thousand tubers per a hectare, in comparison with the variant with mowing on the harvesting day - 19.2 tonnes/ha; 429.6 thousand tubers per a hectare. In variants using Reglon, BP 10 and 20 days before harvesting and mowing on the day of harvesting, the yield of seed potatoes, which requires GOST 53135-2008 was 19.1; 19.4 and 19.2 tonne/ha, respectively. The removal of the vegetative mass of potato plants using the chemical 10 and 20 days before the harvesting and the mechanical way 20 days before harvesting reduced the potatoes with surface damage to 10.09-13.32%, when mowing the tops for 10 days-16.55% and on the day of harvesting-16.84%. The potatoes with mowing of the vegetative mass on the day and 10 days before harvesting, the main types of damage were skinning of tubers on the area up to 1/2 of the tuber – 6.84% and 6.59% , and tubers with severe damage – 8.50% and 8.70% in the total yield. The use of Reglon 10 and 20 days before harvesting reduced the number of tubers with several surface damage to 4.69%, and strong damage to tubers-6.87% in the total yield of tubers