Abstract
The article comprehends the essence of the metaphysical position of ancient philosophy, related to the understanding of being as nature, through an appeal to the concept of measure as a key characteristic of the being of all things. The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of commensurability as a fundamental principle of the constitution of the cosmophysical order in antiquity. The article deals with the teaching of Heraclitus about the logos and dialectically tense harmony, the concept of being as an unchanging spheros of Parmenides, the concept of Plato's self-identical ideas, and the justification of the possibility of a science of nature by Aristotle. The scientific novelty lies in the clarification and accentuation of the concept of commensurability as an architectonic principle of ancient thought. As a result, it is revealed that the unified harmony of the cosmic state of all things is provided by commensurability, as an architectonic principle, which is the unit of being, the principle of being form.
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