Abstract
Based on the analysis of switching devices and various electrical installations, the article shows that their main element is a high-speed electromagnetic device that performs the functions of a reacting organ and a drive. Both a polarized and a neutral electromagnet can be used as such a device. So far, polarized electromagnets have been most widely used as the fastest ones. However, there are a number of designs of neutral type electromagnets that can replace polarized electromagnets, in particular in electric locomotive circuit breakers. An analysis of the state of the problem showed that the methods for calculating and studying high-speed electromagnetic devices require more rigorous and accurate mathematical calculations that allow replacing experimental studies in real emergency conditions and at the same time automating the work of researchers through the widespread use of more accurate calculations. The results of theoretical studies of processes occurring in high-speed electromagnets, mathematical dependencies for calculating parameters and characteristics, both in static and dynamic modes of operation, are presented. An equation was obtained to determine the optimal counteracting force, at which the cycle time is minimal. Mathematical algorithms have been developed for calculating the static and dynamic characteristics of high-speed electromagnets, taking into account steel saturation, leakage fluxes, eddy currents in massive elements of magnetic circuits and current conductors.
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