РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ, ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОЖИРЕНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ

Abstract

Obesity in children is an urgent problem due to its “epidemic” growth throughout the world, involvement of various organs and systems in the pathological process, progressive course and poor prognosis. In many countries of the world, as well as in Russia, there has been an increase in the number of children with overweight and obesity. The article presents a review of literature data on the epidemiology of obesity in children and adolescents in the world, in Russia and Yakutia. The relationship of obesity with ethnic (racial) affiliation was shown, namely, the frequency of overweight and obesity, as well as associated metabolic complications, is higher in children of Africans, Hispanics and Asians, compared with a group of white children. A high prevalence of obesity in children was noted in the countries of East and South Asia, North Africa, and India, China and the United States are considered the leaders of countries in obesity. In Russia, there has been an increase in obesity in the Northwestern, Volga, Urals, and Central Federal Districts. According to the gender composition, the predominance of obesity in boys was noted both in Russia and around the world. By age, there was a trend towards earlier obesity in children of preschool and primary school age. According to the prevalence of urban-rural obesity, no clear trend is shown. In China, a predominantly urban population is noted, while in the United States it is rural. In Russia, a higher prevalence of obesity among the child population is noted in urban areas. When distributing the examined children with obesity into urban and rural in Yakutia, and according to the data of various Russian authors, a predominance of urban children was noted. There has been an increase in obesity in children and adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, both in Russia and around the world. Also, a more severe course of the disease has been proven in patients who are overweight and obese.