Феномены человека как субъекта жизнедеятельности: сквозь призму интегративного подхода

Abstract

The integrative approach is based on the rich scientific traditions of human psychology, consistently implemented by the Leningrad — Saint Petersburg school of psychology, including the works by Vladimir Panferov. The integrative approach is widely used in contemporary psychological research, as it suggests a holistic view of the human psychology phenomena, including that of an individual as the subject of the life course. At present the authors suggest that it is important to consider not an abstract subject, but the measure to which the subject properties manifest themselves. Such individual specificity of subject potential and its manifestations is revealed by the psychology of an individual as the subject of life activity, demonstrating the ample opportunities to apply the integrative approach to the description of psychological phenomena in the existential context. Life activity can be perceived as the process of human interaction with the circumstances of life, where an individual acts as the subject, and the life situation is the object of life, and with a different measure of an individual’s participation in the creation of their own life. The subject-object interaction in the process of life can define a wide range of psychological characteristics, their features and types: subjectobject orientations (basic orientation of life, and subject potential), the internal picture of life (interiorized subjectness, subjective manifestation of subject potential), the choice of behavior strategies (exteriorized subjectness, objective manifestation of subject potential), the connection between subjective and objective manifestations of a subject’s potential in life. The authors also present a theoretically and empirically based typology of subject-object orientations. The research results obtained over many years make it possible to describe individual phenomena in connection of subjective, situational and personal approaches based on the characteristics of an individual as the subject of life. The Department of Human Psychology organised by Vladimir Panferov has consistently implemented the integrative approach in the study of human psychology, currently in the area of “Life-course Psychology: individual and group processes”.