ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ БРУНО БЕТТЕЛЬХАЙМА І ПОПУЛЯРИЗАЦІЯ ПСИХОАНАЛІЗУ В ОСВІТНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ

Abstract

The article reveals the life and creative path of B. Bettelheim, who was a follower of Freud and developed the ideas of psychoanalysis in education. The peculiarities of the work of the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School, which operated at the University of Chicago, were investigated. It was established that the school-clinic was a boarding school in which 50 children with various mental disorders were enrolled annually. The main idea of the school was to create a safe educational environment for the socialization of autistic children. Any manifestations of frustration and prohibitions were unacceptable at school, the responsibilities of children were not regulated, there were no assessments and homework. The pedagogical staff of the school-clinic consisted mainly of young graduates and psychologists, teachers and doctors. A key rule for educators in dealing with children was the utmost respect for the student’s personality. Each tutor should be a role model and source of student support. In the educational work, one of the main techniques was to create a situation of success, which increased the efficiency of the educational process. The activities of the teachers of the school were aimed at helping children to normalize social interaction, to strengthen their self-awareness and to discover their talents. Often the child was given the opportunity to act as a teacher. The Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School works with many schools and universities.After the death of Bruno Bettelheim, some of his colleagues and students criticized his teaching methods. They claimed that Bettelheim actually mocked the children and beat them. It is concluded that the identity of Bettelheim was one of the most controversial. His school was considered one of the most progressive on the planet. A similar school operated in the UK (Summerhill of Alexander Neill).