РУССКОЯЗЫЧНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА В ВЕНГРИИ И АВСТРИИ: СТРУКТУРА И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ

Abstract

The article analyzes the features of the functioning of the Russian-speaking economy in two countries of the European Union — Hungary and Austria. The study is based on data from national statistical offices, Eurostat data, an analysis of online job sites, as well as on the basis of surveys conducted during 2020-2021 with representatives of Russian-speaking communities living in these countries. It is shown that in both countries at present the main channels for the formation of Russian-speaking communities are labor migration, marriage migration, family reunification and educational migration. The Russian-speaking economy in Austria includes a chain of Russian grocery stores, small hotels, hairdressers. In the period before the pandemic, Russian-speaking guides were in demand. Doctors and lawyers with knowledge of the Russian language are also focused on the Russian-speaking population of Austria. The Russian-speaking economy is mainly represented in Vienna and a number of large Austrian cities — tourism centers. In Hungary, the Russian-speaking economy also relies primarily on consumers of Russian goods and services. The Russian-speaking segment of the Hungarian economy is developing due to the demand for the country among Russian tourists, tourists from other countries of the post-Soviet space, where the proportion of the population that speaks Russian is large. Russian-speaking employees are also involved in international companies that have their offices in Hungary.