«Русский Фихте». Актуальность философии национального сознания Ю.Ф. Самарина

Abstract

The significance of the national consciousness issues in Russian thought is still very high due to the persisting interconnection principles of the authority and society and strict separation of subject – object functions and roles. Underestimation of Yu.F. Samarin’s ideological heritage as an original interpreter of Fichte’s national spirit philosophy with reference to Russian reality calls for the reconstruction of his national consciousness concept that was formed in the process of the analysis of the social and political problems in Russia in the 19th century. The article demonstrates that Samarin criticized two false ways of the country development related to the “change of “sobornost” (collegiality)”, – cultivating of individualism (or individualistic Western nationalism) and total suppression of Russian people activity by the power while giving preferences to national minorities that resulted in “national spirit fade-out” and various defeats of the country, including military, – and so he came to the conclusion that it was possible to overcome national crisis through the efforts of national intelligentsia and reforms of the monarchy to pursue mass education and enlightment with the purpose of future moral and social ideal realization.