Особенности происхождения фитонимов в башкирском языке и его диалектах

Abstract

The article describes phytonyms in the modern Bashkir language and its dialects. Based on the material of the botanical Turkic dictionaries of phytonyms, Bashkir bilingual dictionaries, dialectological dictionaries and the ancient Turkic dictionary, phytonyms are classified into thematic groups: herbs, including medicinal ones, trees and their anatomy, shrubs, berries and flowers. The author identifies the origin of phytonyms, noting that the etymology of Bashkir phytonyms is explained by different reasons. The name of the trees depends on their functional significance, age and myth-making and spiritual beliefs of the Turkic peoples. The name of the flowers is related to the color scheme, places of growth, natural features and etc. Important in the article is the lexical-semantic and word-formation analysis of phytonyms, the continuity of their semantic connection with the Old Turkic and other Turkic languages. In the context of this, the author carries out a comparative analysis of phytonyms in the Bashkir, Tatar, Kazakh, Turkish, Uzbek and other languages, revealing their common Turkic communities and origins. In word-formation analysis, attention is paid to the meanings of formants and new derivatives of phytonyms. The variety of phytonyms in Bashkir dialects is especially noted.It should be noted that a rich vocabulary associated with phytonyms has been preserved in the Bashkir language and its dialects. The bulk of the Bashkir phytonyms has a general Turkic feature, which confirms, firstly, their old Turkic origin and connection with the ancient Turkic culture; secondly, it verifies the originality of plant names. The old origin and originality of the names of trees, bushes, berry and flowering plants indicate the richness of the vocabulary of the Bashkir language, many of which appeared as a result of lexical and semantic comprehension of the surrounding nature.