УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ ОРОШЕНИЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ АДАПТИВНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

Abstract

Purpose: development of agricultural technologies that ensure soil fertility conservation by selecting (adaptation) special soil protection methods in relation to the actual energy indicators of solid runoff, a certain combination of which will allow maintaining soil fertility or keeping it at a scientifically based level under critical erosional conditions, with the creation of an innovative tool. Materials and methods. The value of solid soil phase washout during the studies conducted on corn crops under conditions of critical erosional slopes was determined on runoff sites, which are the field sections equipped with measuring devices (tanks) isolated from the surrounding area (with the help of metal frames). Results. An adaptive technology that combines the application of 60 t/ha of semi-decomposed manure, the implementation of operational planning and moling, the use of differentiated moistening of a soil layer of 0.4–0.7 m, depending on the development of the corn root system with irrigation rates respectively 360–500 cub. m has been selected. The technology provides an acceptable limit of soil solid washout, less than the set scientifically based value. To intercept surface (liquid and solid) runoff, both distributed and rill, an innovative drawn tool has been developed that forms the artificial “water-bearing” subsurface reservoirs and surface “mini-reservoirs” based on an intermittent furrow and intermittent slotting, created in the time of their joint trenching and providing the accumulation of the irrigation rate. Conclusions. The developed technology and tool design make it possible to implement erosion-preventive methods with a differentiated irrigation regime, which ensures the environmental safety and soil fertility conservation of irrigated lands.