Abstract
The structural analysis of wind turbines (WT) shows that along with horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) there are now widely used vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT). Significant advantages of the combined type VAWT on the basis of wind turbines of Darrieus and Savonius make them most promising for further improvement and wide application. Power of the wind turbine depends on the angle of the vector of the wind flow to the axis of rotation of the wind motor. The presence of control systems makes the wind turbines HAWT "slow" because of long reaction. As a result, the utilization of wind energy of the powerful HAWT can be reduced to 0.15-0.25 and become lower than that of VAWT, amounting to 0.20-0.40. Calculations show that the payback period of wind turbines increases from 2 to 50 years, with the increase of specific capital investments in wind turbines from 25 000 RUB/kW to 150 000 RUB/kW (from 417 up to 2500 $/kW), reducing the cost of the displaced electricity from 2.0 RUB/kW·h to 5.0 RUB/kW·h. Specific capital investments in wind turbines with a payback period of 7.0 years should not exceed 53 000 RUB/kW (884 $/kW). It seems quite reasonable to use HAWT and VAWT of the big capacity to create wind farms connected to a centralized grid. HAWT and VAWT with capacity up to 30 kW can be used for autonomous power supply of objects remoted from the centralized power supply systems.
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