Сооружение комплекса переработки жидких радиоактивных отходов на белоярской АЭС

Abstract

The tasks of ensuring the safety of the population and the environment during the operation of nuclear facilities are formulated. The necessity of the final isolation of conditioned radioactive waste generated as a result of production activities of enterprises and decommissioning of nuclear facilities is substantiated. Modern technologies for the safe management of liquid radioactive waste are considered. The experience of operation of liquid radioactive waste processing facilities at nuclear power plants is summarized. The capabilities of ion-selective sorption for the reduction of final radioactive product volume and its advantages in comparison with other methods of radioactive waste treatment are given. A description is given of a complex for liquid radioactive waste reprocessing which is being built at the Beloyarsk NPP in order to increase the reliability of operation and environmental protection. The methods chosen for the implementation of the liquid radioactive waste reprocessing program are listed as well as the processing lines forming the facility. The description is presented of a block-module facility of ion-selective treatment designed for the reprocessing of the residuum from the tanks of the liquid radioactive waste storages. Described is the block-module facility for the conditioning of the ion-exchange resins which were utilized for the purification of the residuum and discharged water from cobalt and cesium radionuclides and corrosion products of other transition metals, in order to gain the concentrated non-radioactive saline product and to pack it in the primary containers. A cementation facility is described which is designed for reprocessing of the sludge of radioactive waste from the tanks and vessels of the storages and the sludge of the ion-selective treatment facility by inclusion of radioactive waste into the cement blocks. The measures to prevent emissions into the environment during the operation of the liquid radioactive waste reprocessing complex are described. The data are presented on the systems of static and dynamic barriers preventing the ingress of radionuclides into the environment during the operation of the liquid radioactive waste reprocessing complex. The technical and managerial means are presented intended to protect the barriers and to preserve its efficiency in accordance with the general regulations of nuclear power plants safety ensuring.