Abstract
In the year of the 160th anniversary of A.P. Chekhov and the 115th anniversary of A.M. Sholokhov in the article is considered not the literary, but the social heritage of great writers. On numerous, often little-known facts from the biographies of writers, the picture of their active humanistic position is recreated. Both Chekhov and Sholokhov, out of their own spiritual need, intervened in the unfair solution of problems, protecting the innocent, whether it was the Sakhalin penal servitude or the upper Don villages of the times of collectivization. So creatively dissimilar, lived in different historical epochs, the writers were true ascetics of enlightenment and culture, exerting a powerful influence on the spiritual microclimate of modern society.
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