Оптимизация процесса получения нового биоконсерванта для силосования многолетних трав

Abstract

All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands has developed and patented a method for producing a biological preservative for ensiling perennial grasses, which is based on a cascade process for the fermentation and extraction of raw materials (peat and bird droppings). The result is a liquid biological product with a high content of beneficial lactic microflora, nutrients and biologically active substances. One of the advantages of the developed process is the possibility of modification and influence on the final result. The goal of the research outlined in this article was to compare two ways to obtain a bio-preservative (basic and new) and to evaluate the feasibility of using a new multicomponent stimulator. The basic method includes the introduction of bakery production waste as a stimulant and the use of a solution of potassium phosphate as the extractant. The new method is characterized in that a multi-component additive was used as a biological stimulant, including bakery production waste, hardwood ash, ascorbic acid and potassium phosphate. The acetic acid solution was used as an extractant. During the implementation of the processes, the pH value, the total microbial contamination, the activity of the enzymes of the cellulase and invertase. A multicomponent stimulator provided elevated pH values during the entire fermentation period (on average by 22% relative to the base method), which indicated the activation of the microbial community (up to nx109) and active transformation of the feedstock. He was already active in the early stages of fermentation (the invertase-cellulase ratio by the new technology was 1.4 versus 0.8 by the base technology). The pH of biological preservatives changed depending on the extractant: alkaline (6.5) or acidic (4.9). The active reaction of the extractant medium affected the total microbial contamination. In the variant with the basic alkaline extractant, there was a rapid growth of microflora (nx1011). Acidic extractant inhibited the development of many types of microorganisms (nx1010), but it is he who can give priority to lactic acid microorganisms, for which the acidity of the medium is not a limiting factor.