Предназначение и задачи робототехнических систем в российской лунной программе

Abstract

The exploration of the Moon and other planets of the Solar system involves a widespread use of robotic systems of various types and purposes. However, currently there is no generally accepted frame of reference for the effective application of different robotic systems for performing space exploration tasks. Based on the approach to the selection of priority robotic systems proposed by the authors, possible areas of their advanced application to support the implementation of the Russian lunar program are considered in this paper. Multi-criteria classification of space-based robotic systems, features of remote control of robots, and directions of work on the development of Russian robotic systems for the lunar program are also examined. The questions of necessity, possibility and validity of flight operations using space-based robotic systems are explored. The tasks of robots in the exploration of the Moon, which are divided into four phases: infrastructure, provision, operation and research, are considered. Key technologies of space robotics (electronics, mechanics, software, control), as well as related technologies at their intersection are presented. Three main areas of Roscosmos’ work on the development of technological, anthropomorphic and freight robots are presented. Conclusions on the implementation of plans for the exploration and use of the Moon are drawn.