Огляд мембранніх технологій очистки води у водопостачанні та водопідготовці

Abstract

Traditional technologies of water purification (based on coagulation, settling, oxidation and ion exchange) are ineffective in the modern anthropogenic demand for the quality of drinking and process water. The application of membrane technologies has wide prospects for the creation of new energy saving, eco-safe technological systems. Pervaporation allows effective separation of different water-organic mixtures (sewage treatment and drying of organic solvents) and a mixture of organic substances. The availability of pervaporation is connected with the urgency of problems and high efficiency of the process compared with other separation processes, with the ability to separate azeotropic mixtures, low power consumption, reagentless characteristics and equipment compactness. Restraining objectives of industrial application are: - search and selection of membrane materials that meet specific requirements for a solution of the separation problem; -identification of the main factors that affect the efficiency of separation. The difficulties of membranes choice to solve specific separation problems are connected with the choice of material necessary for optimal separation of the original mixture. Pervaporation is a multifactor process with conjugate heat and mass transfer and phase transitions. Thus, in applied and fundamental aspects it is necessary to study the impact of various factors on the efficiency of the impurities separation from the original mixture. Therefore, the problem of design of membrane apparatus for pervaporisation sewage treatment and study of the influence of technological parameters on the course of this process are important