Инфекционные заболевания у пациентов с сахарным диабетом: обзор литературы

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. This is due to the fact that uncontrolled hyperglycemia is accompanied by impaired innate and adaptive immune response, micro- and macroangiopathies, neuropathy, and decreased urine antibacterial activity. Furthermore, complications of diabetes mellitus such as neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease can lead to skin ulceration with secondary bacterial infections. Bacteria can invade any organ of the human body, with the most common foci of infection in diabetes mellitus being the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissues. Some infectious diseases are specific to patients with diabetes mellitus, such as malignant external otitis media, foot infections, and nasopharyngeal mucormycosis. Infectious processes may be the first manifestations of diabetes mellitus or provoking factors for inherent complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia. Glucose control can be an alternative tool in infection control not only in patients with diabetes mellitus. In addition, controlling hyperglycemia offers the potential to improve the outcome of some infectious diseases.