Розвиток оксидативного стресу у лабораторних щурів за алкогольної інтоксикації

Abstract

Introduction: the imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of cells to neutralize them is characterized as oxidative stress and occurs in almost any pathological condition. Reactions to convert ethanol to acetic acid are accompanied by an increase in ROS production. Given the prevalence of alcohol abuse and the contribution of oxidative stress to the development of pathological conditions, we formulated the aim of our work: to assess the impact of chronic alcohol intoxication on the development of oxidative stress in the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, liver, serum and bone of laboratory rats. Materials and Methods: the experiment was performed on 2-month-old rats of both sexes. The method of alcoholization is “semi-voluntary”. The experimental groups were given ethanol with 5 % drinking water at the beginning of the experiment and gradually increased to 15 %. The duration of the experiment is 108 days. Catalase activity (a marker of the antioxidant system) and malonic dialdehyde content (an indicator of the degree of lipid peroxidation) were determined in the serum, liver, jaw bone, mucous membranes of the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and colon of rats. The antioxidant-prooxidant index was calculated from the values ​​of these indicators. Results: prolonged consumption of alcohol by males and females led to a decrease in catalase activity in the tissues of the digestive tract from 16.0 % in the large intestinal to 25.0 % in the small intestinal mucosa, and, conversely, to increase in the jaws. the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and liver increased by 1.2–38.6 %. Chronic alcohol consumption increased the concentration of malonic dialdehyde in the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract by 20.3–96.6 %, in serum – by 20.4–33.3 %, bone tissue – by 44.8–58.7 %. The balance between antioxidants and prooxidants in tissues most clearly reflects the antioxidant-prooxidant index. Alcohol consumption contributed to the reduction of antioxidant-prooxidant index in the tissues of the digestive tract by 37.6–65.0 %, in the liver by 24.7 %, in serum by 38.3 %, in the jaws by 4.2–15.9 %. In the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, this figure increased by 6.0–10.0 %. Conclusions: According to the results of our study, oxidative stress induced by ethanol developed to a greater extent in the mucous membrane of the small intestine, and to a lesser extent – in the mucous membrane of the mouth and jaw bone. Female tissues are more resistant to the development of oxidative stress due to prolonged alcohol consumption.