Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated the association between the types of tobacco used and depressive symptoms, stress, and self-rated health based on gender differences. Methods: A total of 4,747 participants comprising 2,102 males and 2,645 females from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey program were categorized into five groups according to the type of tobacco used. Depressive symptoms, stress, and self-rated health were assessed through a questionnaire. A complex samples logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: For male, current smokers had a higher odds ratio (OR) of 1.807 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.291–2.529) for stress than non-smokers. The OR for self-rated health among ex-smokers and e-cigarette users was 3.028 (95% CI, 1.529–5.995) times higher than non-smokers. For female, the OR for depressive symptoms among current smokers and e-cigarette users was 6.012 (95% CI, 2.937-12.309) times higher than non-smokers. Conclusion: There were gender differences in the association between the tobacco type used and mental health. And smokers had a higher risk of depression, stress, and self-rated health than non-smokers.
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