РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ И ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ ПАРАЗИТОЗОВ У ПЧЕЛ В КРАСНОДАРСКОМ КРАЕ

Abstract

The article presents materials on the study of the distribution and manifestation of the main parasitosis in bees in the Krasnodar Territory in the period from 2019 to 2021. The studies were carried out in the farms of the Krasnodar Territory and in the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory. For experimental studies, bees of the Caucasian breed Apis mellifera carnica were used. In laboratory studies, various methods were used: clinical, epizootological, bacteriological, pathomorphological, serological, luminescent and light microscopy. As a result of research during the study period, in 2019, out of 2010 bee colonies from different regions of the Krasnodar Territory, positive samples were found for colibacillosis 4, citrobacteriosis 17 and proteus infection 2. In 2020, out of 2010 bee colonies from different regions, 10 positive samples were found, of which 2 samples for colibacillosis, 5 tests for citrobacteriosis, 2 tests for proteus infection, one for hafniosis. In the study of bee colonies from different regions in 2021, out of 1500 samples of pathological material for various infectious diseases, a positive test for colibacillosis 2 samples, citrobacteriosis 6, proteus infection 2, hafniosis 1, nosematosis 108 samples was detected. In general, in the Krasnodar Territory, infection with varroosis averages 6.9%, in different regions from 4 to 9%. The defeat by American and European foulbrood was 3.5–4.4%. It has been established that it was varroosis that was one of the factors in the further development of American and European foulbrood of bees and that the development of these diseases proceeds mainly associatively with severe consequences. As a result, it was established that various diseases of bees are recorded in the Krasnodar Territory, among the most dangerous parasitosis varroosis, American and European foulbrood were found, more often they occur in an associative form, as well as ascospherosis, acarapidosis, braulosis, nosematosis. In the beekeeping farms of the Caucasus, Starominsk and Korenovsky districts in the Krasnodar Territory, the causative agents of varroosis were isolated mite Varroa jacobsoni, American foulbrood Bacillus larvae and European foulbrood Streptococcus pluton. The main clinical and pathoanatomical signs in the associative disease of bees with varroosis, American and European foulbrood: death of pupae, damage mainly to drone brood, deformity or absence of wings, uneven egg laying by the queen, damage to printed and open brood of bees, death and damage to larvae at the age of 3-4 and 8-9 days, the weakening of bee colonies and often their complete death.