МОРФОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ СЕМЯН ДИКОРАСТУЩИХ ФОРМ МОРКОВИ КАК СЕЛЕКЦИОННЫЕ ПРИЗНАКИ

Abstract

The most important factor affecting the morphometric parameters of seeds is the agrotechnical one, including fertilization, irrigation, pollination, and pest, disease and weed control. Timely harvesting is particularly important to prevent the most mature seeds from shattering, whereas premature harvesting increases the proportion of immature seeds with an underdeveloped germ. Mechanized harvesting, threshing and sorting technology can lead to seed injury, including germ damage. Therefore, the aim of the present work was a comprehensive analysis of the morphometric parameters of wild carrot seeds. The aim of the study was to investigate the degree of variability in the linear size of seed, endosperm and germ, their ratios (indices) and correlations. As a result of studies, a group of samples of wild carrot forms revealed significant differences in the degree of manifestation of the main morphometric parameters of seeds, including seed length, endosperm and germ. Samples No. 22 are of the greatest interest by three parameters. Daucus muricatus (L.) L. (Morocco), No. 20. Daucus setifolius Desf. (Morocco), No. 24. Daucus setifolius Desf. (Morocco), which consistently exceeded the control level by a combination of all three parameters. The correlation coefficients between these parameters have been studied, which indicate the possibility of considering them as breeding significant traits. Using the methodology of gradation and comparative analysis of the IG/E index (the size of the germ relative to the endosperm), groups of varieties were identified according to this parameter. The maximum value of the IG/E index was noted in sample No. 2. Daucus carota L. (0.431) and the standard (0.414), which are classified as class 5 according to this parameter. Sample No. 22. Daucus muricatus (L.) L. having the largest germ in physical terms (1.87±0.049), was clearly inferior in relative size (I/E = 0.351) to the standard by 12.9%. The relative size of the endosperm is a more preferable parameter for comparison and selection.