ІСТОРИКО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКІ СМИСЛИ РОЗВИТКУ ІДЕЇ БЕЗСМЕРТЯ В РАННЬОМУ ХРИСТИЯНСТВІ

Abstract

Immortalism in historical and philosophical manifestation is one of the central categories of philosophical anthropology, the relevance of with persists over the centuries. The study of various aspects of individual human immortality in scientific research goes beyond the classical philosophical paradigms and becomes the object of new scientific schools and areas of research, including cryonics, bioethics, gerontology, etc. Despite this fact, the historical and philosophical retrospection of this problem does not disappear from the range of discovery of new scientific interpretations and approaches to understanding the essence of the problem of immortality. The main focus of the study is on the ideological heritage of early Christianity. Christianity as a world religion has played a significant role in transformation of the collective and national consciousness of European peoples. The fundamental principles of the formation of immortological guidelines are closely connected with Christianity, in particular, with the idea of the immortality of the soul. Despite the absence of a clear dogma about the immortality of the soul in early Christianity, with was repeatedly emphasized in the works of such researches as K. Lamont, I. Sventsitskaya [based on a materialistic understanding of being), as well as Z. Kosidovski, M. Kublanov, A. Kuraev [based on the theological approach], the problem of the immortality of the soul in the process of the transformation of Christianity has become the main platform of the doctrine. Since the appearance of canonical gospel texts, as well as early apologetic works, the concept of the immortality of the soul is presented as an element brought from non-Christian ideas, in particular in the works of Arnobius, Tatian, Theophylact, Origen of Alexandria. The idea of the immortality of the soul has acquired a clear formulation in the depths of classical Greek philosophical thought, in particular, in Plato's numerous dialogues, the work of Aristotle, as well as in the work of the Neoplatonists. Despite the ideological opposition of Christianity to ancient philosophy, the cosmogony of with differed from Christian doctrine, the influence of ancient ideas about the immortality of the soul significantly iffluenced the foundations of the Christian worldview.