Проблемні кредити: сутність та причини виникнення в сучасних умовах

Abstract

Abstract. Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of problem loans and the reasons for their occurrence in banks in modern conditions. The emergence of bad debts is due, firstly, to the negative impact of the economic crisis, and secondly, the lack of willingness of borrowers to make payments and errors in the credit policy of banks. A detailed study of the causes of problem loans makes it possible to reduce the negative impact of both external and internal factors. Purpose. The article defines the essence of the concept of "problem credit", classifies problem loans, and identifies the main causes of bad credit. Results. The authors' approaches to the selection and classification of factors for the occurrence of problem loans have been analyzed and it has been determined that it is appropriate to divide the factors into internal and external in terms of the bank's ability to influence or limit the influence of the factor. The dynamics of the volume and share of problem loans in the banking system of Ukraine has been also analyzed and it has been determined that the share of problem loans in the portfolios of Ukrainian banks has been declining in recent years due to write-offs of non-performing loans from which banks do not expect income. Conclusions. The authors prove the existence of the definition of “problem loan” as well as the concepts a nonperforming loan, an impaired loan, a defaulted loan. A detailed study of both external and internal causes of problem loans will identify the necessary areas for improving approaches to planning, organization and control of lending in banks. It is important for banks to eliminate internal causes. Changes in external factors should be used to forecast problem loans and identify tools for preventive management.