ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ФЕМИННЫХ СТЕРЕОТИПОВ В СОВЕТСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА

Abstract

The article examines the cultural projects of the new personality presented in the national culture of the Silver age and the Soviet culture of the first post-revolutionary decade. The analysis of the concept of a new person is given through feminine stereotypes, which in the culture at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries had ontological significance. The author focuses on the transformation of strategies of behavior expected from women, which were in demand in the culture of Russian symbolism and Soviet culture of the early twentieth century. The article identifies the main feminine images that have developed in Russian culture, and also presents the evolution and formation of new feminine stereotypes based on the analysis of theoretical texts and socio-cultural practices of poets and public figures at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. In the course of the research, the genesis and evolution of feminine stereotypes in symbolist projects were comprehended, and the feminine images presented in the life-creation of Z. Gippius were analyzed. The main trends in the synthesis and removal of binary oppositions of masculine and feminine principles, as well as the ideas on the ambiguity and uncertainty of images of femininity are noted. The author focuses on the life-creation of Z. Gippius, who created original and popular in the future in the history of culture feminine stereotypes. When referring to the soviet period, the author notes the features of continuity and new trends in the formation of female stereotypes associated with ideological attitudes and the need to create new cultural patterns. Referring to the theoretical works and life-making of A. Kollontai, the author emphasizes the genetic connection of feminine stereotypes created in the culture of symbolism with the new concept of women of the Soviet period, and also notes the new attitudes of revolutionaries associated with the cult of collectivism and the need to return the binary oppositions of the feminine and masculine in culture, represented at a new level.