Abstract
Interrelated manifestations of the organization of species in a community are confirmed by studies of individual types of grass communities that have long existed as pasture lands and are able to withstand short-term stressful situations associated with fluctuations in external influences. Grass communities with dying and renewing aboveground and viable underground mass, ensuring their longevity and regrowth during mowing and bleaching, are able to deposit organic matter in detritus, which is a stable factor of biogeocenoses. On the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia, long-term comprehensive studies of pasture lands were carried out by various methods (the method of squares, the visual method and the method of linear intersection), including a description of the dominant plant communities, the composition of vegetation, the abundance of species of various phytocenoses, the results of statistical data processing. Despite the fact that the productivity and qualitative composition of the natural pastures of the Republic of Kalmykia are low, this source of feed is one of the main ones. Large areas of steppes, relatively favorable conditions and a long pasture period (6-10 months) make it possible to produce feed. Along with natural and climatic factors, the productivity of the steppes is largely determined by the peculiarities of the management of pastures and hayfields. Grazing sheep and other animals for almost the whole year is the cheapest way of feeding and keeping. However, haphazard grazing of pastures, their significant overload, ignoring measures to combat wind and water erosion, as well as techniques to improve grazing and haymaking areas have led to the fact that the already low productivity of these lands has significantly decreased recently. When studying the mode of existence of ecosystems, with simultaneous study of the features of the composition, structure of communities and their components (leading populations, synusions, etc.), with information on the types of grass communities, it is possible to identify the role of individual abundance indicators (mass, abundance or projective coverage) in ensuring the dominance of species in various ecological and phytocenotic settings.
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