ЗАСОРЕННОСТЬ И СТРУКТУРА УРОЖАЯ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПРЕДШЕСТВЕННИКОВ

Abstract

The purpose of research is to develop methods of increasing and stabilization of wheat production, providing improved phytosanitary condition of crops and crop structure in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Experimental studies were conducted in Kostanai Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture (Republic of Kazakhstan). In the experiment evaluated wheat predecessors in field crop rotations with different structure and set of crops (legumes, oilseeds). On average for the period 2009-2014 less clogged were the first crops of wheat after a couple more clogged – wheat crops for peas and oilseed rape. When sowing the first crop of wheat after the pair number of annual weeds during the growing season has increased by an average of 3.3 times, perennial – 1.5 times. In the case of wheat after pea content of annual weeds has increased 1.4 times, the amount of perennial weeds on average remained at the same level. When sowing wheat after oilseed rape on the period of harvesting the number of annual weeds on average increased by 1.6 times, the amount of perennial weeds decreased by 2.0 times. Thus, the level of infestation of crops the main grain of spring wheat culture in the beginning of the growing season was determined by how effective weed control in crops of previous crops, and at the end of the growing season, before the harvest, and still protect the system in the year of sowing. In terms of the productivity of the average for 2009-2014, research has proved better option sowing wheat crop after the first couple. When plant density of 195 pcs./m2 was formed 294 productive stems, ie, productive tillering was 1.5, with the number of grains per ear – 24.7 pc. and mass of 1000 seeds – 32.3 g. Good crop structure indicators wheat variations showed after peas and oilseed rape. Productive tillering in these cases was 1.4, the mass of 1000 seeds after the pea – 31.9 g, after oilseed rape – 32.0 g.